Train-lighting system.



1.1. 011011011 & J. ETGHELLS.

TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.27,1909.

1,0015358. Patented Aug. 22, 1911.

'1 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. P. CROUCH & J. ETGHELLS.

TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 27, 1909.

1 ,OO1,358. Patented Aug; 22, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 J. P. CROUCH & J. ETOHELLS.

TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.27,1909.

Patehted Aug. 22, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J, P. CROUCH &, J. ETCHBLLS. TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM. VAPPLIOATAION nun NOV. 27, 1909.

1,001,358. Patented Aug.22, 1911.

4 8HEETSSHBET 4.

PATENT GFFICE.

Jenn PEACHEY onoucrr, or

NEXVTON HEATH, AND JAMES ETCHELLS, OF MOSTON, IVLANCHESTER, ENGLAND.

it TRAIN-LIGHTING SYSTEM.

filo oltwhom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JonN PEACIIEY Cnoncn' and JATH'E Flirt-minis, subjects of theiKing of Great Britain and Ireland, residing, rcspectively at Newton Heath, in the county of La caster, England, and Moston. Mancl'iester, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented Improvements in T rain-Lighting Systems, of which the following a specification.

This invention relates to train lighting and equivalent electric systems (herein in cluded in the term train lighting systems), adapted to be supplied with secondary batteiy current and clurent from a reversible dynamo. which latter is adapted to charge the battery, and it has for its object to provide an arrangement embodying a main switeh'ior each direction of rotation of the dynamo. and means responsive to reversal of rotation of such dynamo for bringing the main switches into alternative use.

In the accompanying illustrative draw- Fi-gures 1 to 4r. inclusive show diagrammatically .various arrangements of switch ai'pparatus embodying the invention. Fig. 1 shows an arrangement suitable for use with a shimt wound dynamo and two secondary batteries. Fig 2 shows a modified arrangement wherein a mechanically operated circuitcontrolling device is used. Figs. 3 and 4 show arrangements in which a single battery is used.

I-n-the example shown in Fig. 1, the two secondary batteries No. Land No. 2 have -0ne ofi-their poles connected to one end of the "lighting circuit a by a conductor a and their-'zotherpoles connected to two separate supply mains B. B respectively. The electro-magnctic-switch apparatus is constructed witlrtwo independent switches A. and A ea'chof which comprises a shunt solenolid 7r, a series solenoid c, and a magnetic core a comn'ion to. the two solenoids and carrying two movable switch contacts 6, f

thatiire insulated from each other and are adapted to respectively bear against two pairs of fixed insulated contacts viz. 12 and 3st inthe case of switch A and 1-2 and 3 -4- in-the case of switch A, when the -"circi 'tof the shunt solenoid Z) of the corresponding switch is closed by a reversingswitch hereinafter described to actuate thehbre d and close the main switch. One

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 27, 1909.

Patented Aug. 22, 1911.

Serial No. 530,212.

of the fixed contacts, say 1, against which the movable switch contact a of switch A bears, when the said switch is closed, is suitably connected, as by a conductor to one pole X of the dynamo Z, and the other contact, 2, of the pair is connected, as by conductor to one end of the corresponding series solenoid c, the other end of .which is connected to the supply main B'. One of the fixed contacts, say 8, of the second pair of fixed contacts of switch A against which contact f bears, is connected to the second pole Y of the dynamo Z through a fuse h and a conductor and the second contact, say at, of the second pair of contacts is connected by a conductor 9 to that end of the lighting circuit a to which the conductor a is connected. The corresponding fixed contacts 1*, 2% 3 and 4 of the second main switch, viz. A are arranged similarly to contacts 1, 9, 3, and 4 but while 1 and 3 are connected up like 1 and 3, contact 2 is connected up like contact 4, and contact et connected to one end of the series sole- "noid cof such switch the other end of which is connected to the second supply main B One end Z of the shunt solenoid b of each of the main switches A, A is connected to the second pole Y of the dynamo through a conductor 9 the other ones 72 8 of the two shunt solenoids being separately connected to twoinsulatcd stationary contacts 2', 2 of a reversing switcl.i.f, This re versing switch comprises an electro-magnetj the winding of wnich is connected in shunt across the poles X Y of the dynamo Z through the conductors The. core 7" of the magnet has inwardly and oppositely arranged polar extensions. j between which is moun edto oscillate one arm 7c of a pivoted polarized arn'iature the other arm /r of whichis mounted to oscillate between i the two stationary, and it may be adjustable, contacts 2', 2". The arn'iatureis connected to pole X of the dynamo through the conductor If. In order that'the electronlagne-t j shall not operate the armature Z: 73 until a predetermined voltage, say one or two'volts, exists between the poles of the dynamo, the armature may be normally held in its mid-position by and between two oppositely and axially arranged poles .m of a magnet, torexample a permanent ioo predetermined voltage of the dynamo just mentioned.

The second end c of the lighting circuit a, is connected through a conductor atto the movable member or contact of a supplementary reversing switch, made, for example, in the form ofa pivoted two armed switch blade 1L adapted to alternately engage two fixed contacts 92 W, the two arms of the movable blade 1:, being arranged above the respective cores (Z of the two electro-magnetic switches A, A}, so as to be operated in'one or other direction thereby. The two fixed contacts '22 n are respectively connected to the supply mains B, B and also to the opposite terminals 0, 0 of a resistance'deyice 0 which, when the dynamo is connected to either main B B is in series with the lighting circuit a. The movable cores ab of the two switches A, A also carry the insulated movable members 1), E of two additional switches D D and E E The members D and E are electrically connected together by a conductor 0 and the insulated stationary members D E are respectively connected through conductors c and c to the stationary contacts n and n of the supplementary reversing switch, the switch member E being connected to the contact n througha portion of the resistance 0 and a conductor 0*.

The arrangement is such that assuming the core d of the main switch A to have been last operated and that the dynamo Z is at rest, or rotating at a speed below the speed corresponding to the required working voltage, the two mair switches A, A will be in the open position shown, so that the pole X of the dynamo will be discon-' nected from the supply mains B, B and lighting circuit u, the su iplementary reversing switch it, n a will be in a pos" I to connect through the conductor a. lighting circuit a to the supply main B so that such circuit can receive current from battery No. 2, and the two resistance switches D D and E B will be closed.

Battery No. 1, which will havebeen theconductor 0 resistance portion 0 terminal 0 conductor 0", contact 723, switch" blade at and conductor a Upon then closing the lighting circuit a throiiigh anyot the lamps therein, current willlbesapplied from both batteries acting in parallel. If the mam switch A was the last operated and is open, it will be battery No. 2 that will be placed in parallel with battery No. 1 through the part 0 of the resistance 0", under like conditions of working.

Upon the dynamo being rotated, in one direction, and producing a voltage of say one or two volts, the electromagnet j of the main reversing switch will act through the armatu're I: to connect the shunt solenoid Z) of switch A across the poles of the dynamo by way of terminal 6 conductor g, contact 2', armature 7c, 70 and conductor to the pole X. and byway of terminal h of the shunt solenoid b ofswitch A, terminal 6 of the shunt solenoid b of switch A and conductor to the pole Y of the dynamo.- Upon the dynamo Z running at a speed to generate the required working voltage, the said shunt solenoid bwillimmediately act to close switch A and connect pole X of the dynamo to the supply main B and open the corresponding resistance switch D D, so that the dynamo will then act to supply cur rent through the corresponding ser es sole"- noid c to battery No. 1 and .to the lighting circuit athrough the main B andresistance 0 the circuit of both being completed through the switch A and fuse hto the second pole Y of the dynamo. The first of these circuits is by way of pole X, conductor g contacts 1, e, 2, series solenoid a, main B, battery No. 1, conductor a conductor g contacts 4, f, 3, fuse h and conductor q to pole Y, and the second of the circuits is by way of pole X, conductor 9 contacts 1, e, 2, series solenoid 0, main B, contact n, terminal 0, resistance terminal 0 conductor 0*, contacts 72 n, conductor a lighting circuit a, conductor a, conductor g and so on as in the fil'Sl, circuit to the pole Y of the dynamo. At this time battery No. 2 supplies current through the supplementary reversing switch, by way of main B con-z tact of, switch blade n and conductor a direct to the lighting circuit a, such battery then acting as theregulating battery. Upon the voltage of the dynamo falling below-the required working voltage, the action of the shunt and series solenoids b, c, of switch A will become weakened to such an. extent as to permit the switch to open and disconnect the dynamo from the battery and lighting circuits and connectthe twobatteries in parallel with each other and in series with the lighting circuit as already described. When the dynamo is rotated in the reverse direction, the-armature current will be reversed in direction andthe poles X and Y will reverse their polarity. The main re-- versing switch 72-75 will now act in therever'se manner to connect the shunt solenoid b of switch Ai across the poles X Y. of the dynamo Z and thereby cause ';-this-;switch" to close and connect poie Y of the dynamo through the corresponding series solenoid r,-

The dynamo will then supply current to the. main B and charge battery No. 2 and supply current to the lighting circuit through the resistance 0 The circuit in this case is trom'pole Y, conductor (1*, fuse 71., contact '3 of switch A, contacts 3, f, 4? and series solenoid c of switch A to main B, the circuit of battery No. 2 being completed through conductors a and (1 and contacts '2, e and 1?. of switch A to pole X ot the dynamo, and the lighting circuit being completed through main B contact 11?, conductor of, terminal .0, resistance 0 termi-,

nal 0, contact of, switch lever a, conductor a lighting circuit a, conductor a to con-- duct-or and thence through the contacts 2*, e and l of switch A to the ,pole X. At this time battery No. 1 will be connected direct to the'lighting circuit a through main B, contact 11 and switch blade u and act as the regulating-battery, and the resistance switch E E will be open. The switch A will 'act in the manner hereinbet'ore descri iied with reference to switch A to disconnect the dynamo from battery No. 2 and the lighting circuit a when the voltage of the dynamo falls below the required working voltage.

dynamo. Thesaidbrushes are arranged to work between four stationary spring blade contacts t to i Two of these contacts. V12.

15 zf, are arranged at the upper part of a fixed disk or support 6 and at opposite sidesot the upper movable contact brush 8 and are respectivelyconnected to the opposite tcrn'iinals w a of the shunt field winding a of the dynamo. Two more of the fixed con-tact. viz. t, are similarly ar ranged and connected up at the lower part of the disk or support 2 and at opposite sides of the lower movable contact brush 8- Contacts and t are electrically connected together. as also arecontacts t and i The movable contact holder 8 may be mounted on the armature shaft 8 so that of the dynamo.

it can be turned therewith to a limited c tent. by friction; or instead of being moved by friction, it may be connected o'tli'e rock-1 ing brush holder of the dynamo so 'as'to' be.

moved therewith, when the position ,theree o1' 1s reversed, by any convementmean.

upon reversal in the direction-Jot.fru-nni-n' i By the arrangement .i'de-i scribed the polarity of thefield ofthe '.(ly-- namo will be maintained constant iniwhichh.

ever direction the armature of the dynamo be rotated. hus,v when the p'aritsfare in the position shown, assuini-ngpo-lesiXnY to beres 'iectivel y positive and negative, cur-11 brush is ant ectlon'aof the rent. will flow from pole -X t contact t and thence in the .c

arrow as to the terminal a,fieldw'inding .i if. terminal a connected terminalset' t to.

brush 8 and thence to the-pole .Y. of them? dynamo.

Upon the motion of the. dynamo.

being reversed. the position of the brnshesa.

s s-- will also be reversed and current will then Ilow from the pole Y, now the posit -ie pole, to brush 8 and connected contacts t t thence in the same direction as rhefore.

through the terminal a, field winding m. and

terminal a to terminal t and. thence through, the brush 8 to the now negative pole- Xof, the dynamo.

Fig. 2 shows a modified arrangement where: r

in the electro-magnetic reversing. vswitch 'a' 0 of Fig. 1 is replaced by a mechanically operated-circuit controlling deviceniorurei versing switch. bined with the mechanical -reversing switch Such switch is shown com- 10o used in Fig. 1 for the fieldwinding u for which purpose such switch is-provided with two additional contacts t t, Otgthese additional. contacts, t is arranged adjacenttothe.

wnductor. to terminal b? ofthe shunt upper fixed contact 25 and connected by al9 winding Z) of switch Aywhile the others-159;. is arranged ad acent to the-lower fixed con-1 tact t and on the same side of a vertical.

line, passing through the aXisofthe arma;

ture shaft as the contact 25 .andis confnected by a conductor 9 to terminal bflof the shunt winding 7) of switch A Terminal b of the shunt. coil Z) ofswitch A and terminal 71 of the shunt coil?) of switch-A are connected by a conductor-5. ,to the (011 nected contacts t 2. As will be seen;.;the arrangement is such that when the-. aiana ture of the dynamo Z is turned in the 'dii rectionot the arrows 2 the slnint windi ig b of switch A is connected through the conductors g across the polesX Y of the 1 the said shunt winding 7) and connect the shuntwinding. Z) of switch QQ; across th poles Y X of the dynamo,,.through the con duct-01's g? r i 3 and 4. are diagrams showing modified arrangements in which a single battery, say No. l, is used. In each of such arrangements the switches A, A may be constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described, the series windings c of both switches being arranged to supply 7 connected to one end of the lighting circuit a through the conductor a The supplementary reversing switch hereinbefore described may, in this case, be replaced by a double switch comprising two spring loaded movable contact arms 4) '0 pivoted to a stationary metallic support a each of the contact arms being adapted to engage a fixed contact n or n The fixed contact a above the coil b of switch A. is connected by a conductor -w to'terminal 0 of the resistance 0 while the other fixed contact a is connected by a conductor 'w to the other terminal 0 of the resistance 0 so that when both of the switch arms 01 '0 are closed against the fixed contacts a n 'the resistance 0 is short circuited. The shunt solenoids b of the two switches may be connected across the poles of the dynamo in either of the ways hereinbefore described,'that is to say, either by an electromagnetic reversing switch 5-70 as shown in Fig. 3, or by a mechanical reversing switch as shown in Fig. i. The resistance switches D D and E E hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 1 and 9,

are, in this case, omitted. As will be seen, the arrangement is such. that when either switch A or switch A is operated and main B thereby connected to the dynamo, the corresponding contact arm '21 or c of the doub'le switch is operated to open the short circuit, w, n 'v, '0 0 ,01 w of the resistance 0*,so that the lamp circuit a is then complcted through the main B and the resist once 0 to the conductor a Then the dynamo is disconnected from the said main B, bothcontact arms '0 'o of the double switch are in the closed position shown so as to short Eircuit the'resist-ance 0 and connect the battery to the lighting circuit direct through the main B, terminal 0, conductor -w, switch 72 '0, v '0 n and conductor 10 to conductor a. The contact arms c o of the double switch instead of being spring loaded, as shown, be otherwlse ar ranged to be opened and closed by movement of the cores d of the main switches A A below them. The details of construction can be var1- modified.

from such dynamo and battery, a main switch corresponding to each direction of rotation of the dynamo having series and shunt operating windings, and means responsive to reversal of rotation of the dynamo for bringing one shunt winding into circuit for one direction of rotation of the dynamo and the other for the opposite direction of rotation.

2. An electric distribution system, comprising a reversible dynamo, a battery, and a consumption circuit alternatively supplied from such dynamo and battery, a main switch corresponding to each direction of rotation of the dynamo, having series and shunt operating windings, and means responsive both tovoltage variation of the dynamo and to its direction of rotation adapted to bring the shunt winding of one or other of the switches into operation to connect the dynamo with the consump' tion circuit.

3. An electric distribution system, comprising a reversible dynamo, a mechanically operated reversing switch for reversing the connection of the field magnet winding of the dynamo with change in direction of running of the armature, a battery adapted to be charged by the dynamo, a consumption' circuit adapted to be supplied by the dynamo and battery alternatively, two main switches, each having a shunt and a series operating winding, adapted to remain open and disconnect the dynamo from the consmnption circuit until a predetermined armature speed is attained, and means for alternatively connecting the shunt operating windings in circuit to close one or other switch in accordznme with the direction of running of the dynamo.

i. in an electric distribution system, the combination with a reversible dynamo, two batteries and consumption circuit, of a mechanically operated reversing switch for reversing the ccnneeti on of the field magnet winding of the dynamo, two main switches each having a shunt. and a series operat :ing winding, alternatively adapted to connect the dynamo with the consumption circuit depending upon the direction of running of the dynamo, means. responsive to the eachhaving a shunt and a series operating.

Winding, alternatively adapted to connect the dynamo with the consumption circuit depending upon the direction of running 0tv the dynamo, means responsive to the directronpfrunmng of .the dynamo and to the speed of the dynamo armature tor alternat-ivelyconnecting the shunt windings of the swltches to the dynamo, and a supplementary switch alternatively operated by the main switches for alternatively connecting the batteries to the consumption circuit.

6. In an electric distribution system, the combination with a reversible dynamo, two batteries and a consumption circuit, of a mechanically operated re 'ng switch for reversing the connection of the field winding of the d amo, two main switches, each having. a shunt and a series operating winding, alternatively adapted to connect the dynamo with the consumption circuit depending upon the direction of running of-the dy na-rno, means responsive to the direction of running of the dynamo for alternatively connecting the shunt windings of th switches to the dynamo, a supplementary switch alternatively operated by the main switches forv alternatively connecting the batteries directly to the consumption circuit, a resistance, in permanent connection across stationarycontacts of. the supplementary switch, conductors leading respectively from one'end of the resistance and from a point intermediate of its length. and resistance switches opening with closure of the main switches and closing with opening thereof to complete the circuit between said conductors at two points, so that-when the supplementary switch directly connects one battery to the consumption circuit and both m/ain switches are open both resistance switches connectthe remaining battery in parallelwith the other battery and in series with the consumption circuit-through partof the resistance.

'7. In an electric distribution system, the combination'with a reversible dynamo two batteries andv a consumption circuit, of a mechanically operated reversing switch for reversing the connection of the field winding of the dynamo, -two main s -witches, each having a shunt and a series operating wind- .ing, alternatlvely adapted to connect the dynamo with the consumption circuit depending upon the direction of running of the dynamo, means responsive to the direction of running of the dynamo and to its speed of rotation for alternatively connecting the shunt windings of'theswitches to thedynamo, a supplementary switch alternatively operated by the main switches for alternatively connecting the batteries directly to the consumption circuit, a resistance in permanent connection across stationary contacts of the --supplementary switch, conductors leading respectively from one end of the re sistance and from apoint intermediate of itslength, and resistance switches opening with-closure of the main switches and closmg with opening thereof to complete the running of the dynamo, a battery adapted to be charged by the dynamo, a consumption circuit adapted to be supplied by the dynamo and battery alternatively, two main switches, each havlng a shunt and a series operating winding, adapted to remain open and disconnect the dynamo from the consumption circuit and battery until a predetermined armature speed is attained, means for alternatively connecting the shunt operating windings in circuit toclose one or other switch in accordance with the direction of running of the dynamo, a supplementary switch alternatively operated by the main switches for connecting the battery to the consumption circuit, and a resistance connected across the stationary contacts or ,said supplementary switch and arranged to be inserted in series with the dynamo and lighting circuit when the dynamo is supplying current to said circuit.

9. In an electric distribution system, the combination with a reversible dynamo and means for reversing the connections of the field magnet winding of the dynamo with change in direction of running of the dynamo, of two batteries, a consumption circuit connected at one end to one pole of each battery, a supplementary switch cemjprising two fixed contacts and amovable contact, two electric supply mains connected respectively to the other poles of the batteries and to the two fixed contacts of the supplementary switch; a conductor between the other end of said consumption circuit and the movable contact of the supplementary switch, two main switches, each having a shunt and a series operating winding, alternatively adapted to connect the dynamo to one or other of said supply mains depending upon the direction of running of the dynamo, said main switches being also adapted to alternatively operate themovable contact of the supplementary switch, means responsive to the direction of run- :ning of the dynamo for'alternatively c n- .necting the shunt windings of the main switches to the dynamo, a resistance connccted-across the stationary contacts of said supplementary switch, two conductors leading one from one end of the resistance and the other from an intermediate point between the ends of said resistance, and two resist-- switches controlled by the main switches and arranged to connect said conductors together when the main switches are open and to disconnect them when either of the main switches is closed.

10. An electric distribution system, comprising a reversible dynamo, a battery, and

a consumption circuit alternatively supplied from such dynamo and battery, a main switci corresponding to each direction of rotation of the dynamo having series and shunt operating windings, and an electromagnetic switch responsive to reversal of rotation of the dynamo for bringing one shunt winding into circuit for one direction moved, and means arranged to preventlnoverhent of saidv armature in either direction until a predetermined voltage has been set up by said dynamo.

Signed at London England this 19th day of November 1909. I

- JOHN PEAGHEY CROUCH.

JAMES ETCHELLS. Vi itnesses 2 IIERBERT D. JAMISON, R. Wnsmoorr. 

